Unità di base

import math

import numpy as np
from packaging.version import parse as parse_version

import matplotlib.units as units
import matplotlib.ticker as ticker


class ProxyDelegate:
    def __init__(self, fn_name, proxy_type):
        self.proxy_type = proxy_type
        self.fn_name = fn_name

    def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
        return self.proxy_type(self.fn_name, obj)


class TaggedValueMeta(type):
    def __init__(self, name, bases, dict):
        for fn_name in self._proxies:
            if not hasattr(self, fn_name):
                setattr(self, fn_name,
                        ProxyDelegate(fn_name, self._proxies[fn_name]))


class PassThroughProxy:
    def __init__(self, fn_name, obj):
        self.fn_name = fn_name
        self.target = obj.proxy_target

    def __call__(self, *args):
        fn = getattr(self.target, self.fn_name)
        ret = fn(*args)
        return ret


class ConvertArgsProxy(PassThroughProxy):
    def __init__(self, fn_name, obj):
        super().__init__(fn_name, obj)
        self.unit = obj.unit

    def __call__(self, *args):
        converted_args = []
        for a in args:
            try:
                converted_args.append(a.convert_to(self.unit))
            except AttributeError:
                converted_args.append(TaggedValue(a, self.unit))
        converted_args = tuple([c.get_value() for c in converted_args])
        return super().__call__(*converted_args)


class ConvertReturnProxy(PassThroughProxy):
    def __init__(self, fn_name, obj):
        super().__init__(fn_name, obj)
        self.unit = obj.unit

    def __call__(self, *args):
        ret = super().__call__(*args)
        return (NotImplemented if ret is NotImplemented
                else TaggedValue(ret, self.unit))


class ConvertAllProxy(PassThroughProxy):
    def __init__(self, fn_name, obj):
        super().__init__(fn_name, obj)
        self.unit = obj.unit

    def __call__(self, *args):
        converted_args = []
        arg_units = [self.unit]
        for a in args:
            if hasattr(a, 'get_unit') and not hasattr(a, 'convert_to'):
                # If this argument has a unit type but no conversion ability,
                # this operation is prohibited.
                return NotImplemented

            if hasattr(a, 'convert_to'):
                try:
                    a = a.convert_to(self.unit)
                except Exception:
                    pass
                arg_units.append(a.get_unit())
                converted_args.append(a.get_value())
            else:
                converted_args.append(a)
                if hasattr(a, 'get_unit'):
                    arg_units.append(a.get_unit())
                else:
                    arg_units.append(None)
        converted_args = tuple(converted_args)
        ret = super().__call__(*converted_args)
        if ret is NotImplemented:
            return NotImplemented
        ret_unit = unit_resolver(self.fn_name, arg_units)
        if ret_unit is NotImplemented:
            return NotImplemented
        return TaggedValue(ret, ret_unit)


class TaggedValue(metaclass=TaggedValueMeta):

    _proxies = {'__add__': ConvertAllProxy,
                '__sub__': ConvertAllProxy,
                '__mul__': ConvertAllProxy,
                '__rmul__': ConvertAllProxy,
                '__cmp__': ConvertAllProxy,
                '__lt__': ConvertAllProxy,
                '__gt__': ConvertAllProxy,
                '__len__': PassThroughProxy}

    def __new__(cls, value, unit):
        # generate a new subclass for value
        value_class = type(value)
        try:
            subcls = type(f'TaggedValue_of_{value_class.__name__}',
                          (cls, value_class), {})
            return object.__new__(subcls)
        except TypeError:
            return object.__new__(cls)

    def __init__(self, value, unit):
        self.value = value
        self.unit = unit
        self.proxy_target = self.value

    def __copy__(self):
        return TaggedValue(self.value, self.unit)

    def __getattribute__(self, name):
        if name.startswith('__'):
            return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
        variable = object.__getattribute__(self, 'value')
        if hasattr(variable, name) and name not in self.__class__.__dict__:
            return getattr(variable, name)
        return object.__getattribute__(self, name)

    def __array__(self, dtype=object):
        return np.asarray(self.value).astype(dtype)

    def __array_wrap__(self, array, context):
        return TaggedValue(array, self.unit)

    def __repr__(self):
        return 'TaggedValue({!r}, {!r})'.format(self.value, self.unit)

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.value) + ' in ' + str(self.unit)

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.value)

    if parse_version(np.__version__) >= parse_version('1.20'):
        def __getitem__(self, key):
            return TaggedValue(self.value[key], self.unit)

    def __iter__(self):
        # Return a generator expression rather than use `yield`, so that
        # TypeError is raised by iter(self) if appropriate when checking for
        # iterability.
        return (TaggedValue(inner, self.unit) for inner in self.value)

    def get_compressed_copy(self, mask):
        new_value = np.ma.masked_array(self.value, mask=mask).compressed()
        return TaggedValue(new_value, self.unit)

    def convert_to(self, unit):
        if unit == self.unit or not unit:
            return self
        try:
            new_value = self.unit.convert_value_to(self.value, unit)
        except AttributeError:
            new_value = self
        return TaggedValue(new_value, unit)

    def get_value(self):
        return self.value

    def get_unit(self):
        return self.unit


class BasicUnit:
    def __init__(self, name, fullname=None):
        self.name = name
        if fullname is None:
            fullname = name
        self.fullname = fullname
        self.conversions = dict()

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'BasicUnit({self.name})'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.fullname

    def __call__(self, value):
        return TaggedValue(value, self)

    def __mul__(self, rhs):
        value = rhs
        unit = self
        if hasattr(rhs, 'get_unit'):
            value = rhs.get_value()
            unit = rhs.get_unit()
            unit = unit_resolver('__mul__', (self, unit))
        if unit is NotImplemented:
            return NotImplemented
        return TaggedValue(value, unit)

    def __rmul__(self, lhs):
        return self*lhs

    def __array_wrap__(self, array, context):
        return TaggedValue(array, self)

    def __array__(self, t=None, context=None):
        ret = np.array(1)
        if t is not None:
            return ret.astype(t)
        else:
            return ret

    def add_conversion_factor(self, unit, factor):
        def convert(x):
            return x*factor
        self.conversions[unit] = convert

    def add_conversion_fn(self, unit, fn):
        self.conversions[unit] = fn

    def get_conversion_fn(self, unit):
        return self.conversions[unit]

    def convert_value_to(self, value, unit):
        conversion_fn = self.conversions[unit]
        ret = conversion_fn(value)
        return ret

    def get_unit(self):
        return self


class UnitResolver:
    def addition_rule(self, units):
        for unit_1, unit_2 in zip(units[:-1], units[1:]):
            if unit_1 != unit_2:
                return NotImplemented
        return units[0]

    def multiplication_rule(self, units):
        non_null = [u for u in units if u]
        if len(non_null) > 1:
            return NotImplemented
        return non_null[0]

    op_dict = {
        '__mul__': multiplication_rule,
        '__rmul__': multiplication_rule,
        '__add__': addition_rule,
        '__radd__': addition_rule,
        '__sub__': addition_rule,
        '__rsub__': addition_rule}

    def __call__(self, operation, units):
        if operation not in self.op_dict:
            return NotImplemented

        return self.op_dict[operation](self, units)


unit_resolver = UnitResolver()

cm = BasicUnit('cm', 'centimeters')
inch = BasicUnit('inch', 'inches')
inch.add_conversion_factor(cm, 2.54)
cm.add_conversion_factor(inch, 1/2.54)

radians = BasicUnit('rad', 'radians')
degrees = BasicUnit('deg', 'degrees')
radians.add_conversion_factor(degrees, 180.0/np.pi)
degrees.add_conversion_factor(radians, np.pi/180.0)

secs = BasicUnit('s', 'seconds')
hertz = BasicUnit('Hz', 'Hertz')
minutes = BasicUnit('min', 'minutes')

secs.add_conversion_fn(hertz, lambda x: 1./x)
secs.add_conversion_factor(minutes, 1/60.0)


# radians formatting
def rad_fn(x, pos=None):
    if x >= 0:
        n = int((x / np.pi) * 2.0 + 0.25)
    else:
        n = int((x / np.pi) * 2.0 - 0.25)

    if n == 0:
        return '0'
    elif n == 1:
        return r'$\pi/2$'
    elif n == 2:
        return r'$\pi$'
    elif n == -1:
        return r'$-\pi/2$'
    elif n == -2:
        return r'$-\pi$'
    elif n % 2 == 0:
        return fr'${n//2}\pi$'
    else:
        return fr'${n}\pi/2$'


class BasicUnitConverter(units.ConversionInterface):
    @staticmethod
    def axisinfo(unit, axis):
        """Return AxisInfo instance for x and unit."""

        if unit == radians:
            return units.AxisInfo(
                majloc=ticker.MultipleLocator(base=np.pi/2),
                majfmt=ticker.FuncFormatter(rad_fn),
                label=unit.fullname,
            )
        elif unit == degrees:
            return units.AxisInfo(
                majloc=ticker.AutoLocator(),
                majfmt=ticker.FormatStrFormatter(r'$%i^\circ$'),
                label=unit.fullname,
            )
        elif unit is not None:
            if hasattr(unit, 'fullname'):
                return units.AxisInfo(label=unit.fullname)
            elif hasattr(unit, 'unit'):
                return units.AxisInfo(label=unit.unit.fullname)
        return None

    @staticmethod
    def convert(val, unit, axis):
        if np.iterable(val):
            if isinstance(val, np.ma.MaskedArray):
                val = val.astype(float).filled(np.nan)
            out = np.empty(len(val))
            for i, thisval in enumerate(val):
                if np.ma.is_masked(thisval):
                    out[i] = np.nan
                else:
                    try:
                        out[i] = thisval.convert_to(unit).get_value()
                    except AttributeError:
                        out[i] = thisval
            return out
        if np.ma.is_masked(val):
            return np.nan
        else:
            return val.convert_to(unit).get_value()

    @staticmethod
    def default_units(x, axis):
        """Return the default unit for x or None."""
        if np.iterable(x):
            for thisx in x:
                return thisx.unit
        return x.unit


def cos(x):
    if np.iterable(x):
        return [math.cos(val.convert_to(radians).get_value()) for val in x]
    else:
        return math.cos(x.convert_to(radians).get_value())


units.registry[BasicUnit] = units.registry[TaggedValue] = BasicUnitConverter()